Non-woven fabric, also known as non-woven cloth or harvest cloth, is made from polyester or polypropylene. The raw materials are spun into filaments through screw extrusion and then directly formed into a web and thermally bonded. It is a fabric-like covering with good air permeability, moisture absorption, and light transmission. It has functions such as cold protection, moisture retention, frost protection, freeze protection, light transmission, and gas regulation. It is also lightweight, easy to use, and corrosion-resistant. Thickened non-woven fabric, due to its excellent heat retention, can also be used for multi-layer covering.

For vegetable seedling beds, it serves to retain heat, retain moisture, and promote seed germination. Fertilizers, water, and pesticides can also be applied to the bed surface. It is not only convenient to use, but also produces robust and uniform seedlings. Because its heat retention, air permeability, and moisture control are superior to mulch film, its effect on seedling cultivation is better than that of mulch film. Non-woven fabric is available in specifications such as 20g, 30g, 40g, 50g, and 100g per square meter, with widths ranging from 2m to 8m, and is available in white, black, and silver-gray. For bed covering, use non-woven fabric with a specification of 20 or 30 grams per square meter, preferably white or silver-gray in winter and spring. After sowing, lay the non-woven fabric, longer and wider than the bed surface, directly on the bed. Because non-woven fabric has some elasticity, its length and width must be greater than the length and width of the bed. Secure the fabric at both ends and sides of the bed, pressing the edges down with soil or stones. Alternatively, use U-shaped or T-shaped wire poles, fixing them at regular intervals. After emergence, adjust the covering according to weather conditions and vegetable production requirements, generally uncovering during the day and covering at night, or covering on cold days.

Covering the bed surface after transplanting helps to retain heat and moisture, promotes root growth, and shortens the seedling establishment period. Early spring covering can generally increase the air temperature near the ground by 1-2°C, advance maturity by about 7 days, and increase early yield by 30%-50%. After transplanting cucurbits and solanaceous vegetables, water thoroughly and immediately cover all day. Cover the plants directly with 20 or 30 grams of non-woven fabric per square meter, leaving the edges loose and securing them with soil or stones. Ensure the fabric is not stretched too tightly, allowing for sufficient growing space. Adjust the placement of soil or stones according to the plant's growth rate. After the seedlings have established themselves, determine the covering time based on weather and temperature: on sunny, warm days, uncover during the day and cover at night, uncovering early and covering late; on cooler days, uncover late and cover early, and cover all day during cold snaps. Remove the non-woven fabric after mid-to-late April.

Small arched greenhouse covering is used for early-maturing, high-yield, and high-quality cultivation, and can also be used for shading and cooling seedlings in summer and autumn. For early spring covering, white non-woven fabric with a density of 20 grams or more per square meter can be used; for summer and autumn seedling cultivation, silver-gray or black non-woven fabric with a density of 20 or 30 grams per square meter can be used. For summer-grown crops such as celery, which require high levels of shading and cooling, black non-woven fabric should be used. For early-maturing forcing cultivation, covering the small arched frame with non-woven fabric, followed by mulch film, can raise the indoor temperature by 1.8℃～2.0℃. For summer and autumn covering, darker-colored non-woven fabric can be directly placed on the arched frame without the need for mulch film or agricultural film.

For large and medium-sized greenhouses, hang one or two layers of non-woven fabric (30g or 50g per square meter) as a canopy inside the greenhouse, maintaining a 15-20cm gap between the canopy and the greenhouse film to form an insulation layer. This is beneficial for winter and spring seedling cultivation and autumn delayed cultivation, generally raising the soil temperature by 3℃～5℃. Open the canopy during the day and close it tightly at night, ensuring no gaps. In summer, closing the canopy during the day and opening it at night helps lower the temperature, which is beneficial for summer seedling cultivation. Non-woven fabric with a standard weight of 40g per square meter is generally used for the canopy. In case of severe winter freezing weather, covering the arched greenhouse with multiple layers of non-woven fabric (50-100 grams per square meter) at night can replace straw mats.

For outdoor overwintering vegetables, covering with non-woven fabric provides more significant insulation than in greenhouses. It can be used for celery, lettuce, spinach, shepherd's purse, and bean sprouts, preventing frost damage, promoting growth, improving quality, and allowing for earlier harvesting. Covering with 30 grams of non-woven fabric per square meter, uncovering during the day and covering at night, can advance the harvest by 10-20 days and increase yield by over 20%.